Similarly, the protective role of CpG-DNA against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection also requires the production of IFN-γ 16. aureus) 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.ĬpG-DNA-activated Thy1.2+ dendritic cells exhibit protective roles against Listeria monocytogenes infection in murine models via the secretion of IFN-γ 14. Several studies also reported that the administration of CpG-DNA in both in vitro and in vivo model systems provided protection against bacterial infection, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Francisella tularensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. Using TLR9 knockout mice, several investigators discovered that TLR9 exhibits a protective role against select bacterial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Acinetobacter baumannii, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. In addition, CpG-DNA triggers the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and the production of T cell-independent polyclonal antibodies 7. Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG dinucleotide motifs (CpG-DNA) activate various cells, stimulating cell proliferation and the production of Th1-mediated cytokines through the stimulation of TLR9 3, 4, 5, 6. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an important pathogen recognition receptor, detects and binds bacterial DNA, leading to immunomodulatory effects in the host 2. The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against invading pathogens and potentially harmful agents 1. Consequently, we believe that monoclonal antibodies could aid in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Therefore, we suggest that CpG-DNA enhances the antibacterial activity of the immune system by protecting immune cells and triggering the production of bacteria-reactive antibodies. ![]() The bacteria-reactive monoclonal antibody enhanced phagocytosis in vitro and protected mice after S. ![]() B cells isolated from the peritoneal cavity produced bacteria-reactive antibodies in vitro following CpG-DNA administration that enhanced the phagocytic activity of the peritoneal cells. CpG-DNA injection likewise increased bacteria-reactive antibodies in the mouse peritoneal fluid and serum, which was dependent on TLR9. aureus and protected immune cell populations in the peritoneal cavity, bone marrow, and spleen. The administration of CpG-DNA increased survival in mice following infection with methicillin-resistant S. Here, we examined the biological function of CpG-DNA in the production of bacteria-reactive antibodies. CpG-DNA activates various immune cells, contributing to the host defense against bacteria.
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